If you focus on the recommendations of manufacturers, then the needles should be changed after 12 hours of continuous sewing. But this is a rule for replacing the same type of needles. If the machine is used to work with various materials, then the needles should be changed in strict accordance with the fabric being processed. After all, the only way to do without marriage and unpleasant breakdowns.
How to choose
The user instructions indicate the main characteristics of the needles with which the sewing machine can work. The easiest way to make the right purchase is to write out the necessary markings and focus on it. If for some reason this option is not suitable, it is worth focusing on the shape of the flask and the tip, the thickness of the rod and the size of the ear.
To household sewing machines
Flasks with a flat (cut) are characteristic of this technique. This is done for the convenience of users - this facilitates the correct connection of the needle when replacing it. You can distinguish them by marking:
- universal - 130/705, HAx1;
- overlock: EL × 705, HA × 1 SP, DC × 1, DB × 1.
Universal are used both on household sewing machines, and on similar overlocks. But if the marking indicates "specialization", then using the needle on another type of device is prohibited.
To industrial
The main distinguishing feature is a round flask. Depending on the destination, they distinguish:
- overlock - DC × 27;
- for the shuttle stitch - DP × 5, 134.
It is necessary to choose a needle in strict accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. An incorrectly selected flask leads to a number of malfunctions associated with the incorrect working position of the tip and eye in relation to the shuttle.
The meaning of the letters
The letters following the marking of the flask indicate what materials and types of work the needles are for:
- H - slightly rounded tip, universal;
- H-J (jeans) - sharp, dense materials;
- H-M (microtex), SPI - very sharp, small-fiber fabrics;
- H-S (stretch), SKL, SKF - rounded point, elastic synthetic and natural materials;
- H-E (embroidery) - a slightly rounded point and a special notch, decorative embroidery;
- H-EM - wide eye for working with metallic thread;
- H-Q (quilting) - decorative stitch without visible punctures;
- H-SUK (jersey), SES - spherical tip, for knitwear and knitted materials;
- H-LR, H-LL (leder leather) - cutting edge, leather;
- H-O - a needle with a blade (one or two), decorative seams with an emphasis on holes;
- H-ZWI, H-DRI - double and triple, respectively, decorative trim;
- Topstitch - for working with loose decorative thread.
Digits
After marking the destination is the number (aka diameter) of the needle. It is indicated by a whole two-digit or three-digit number. There are metrics:
- European - hundredths of a millimeter;
- American - the same in inches.
Usually manufacturers indicate the needle number, taking into account both standards. For example: 80/12 (rod diameter 0.8 mm / 0.12 in.). For double or triple needles, one more size is indicated - the distance between the axes of the rods. Marking takes the form of 2.5 / 80.
Types of needles for sewing machines
Thanks to the development of technologies, new types of fabric constantly appear, when working with which a special structure of the tip, abalone and even the shaft is required. Otherwise, you will only dream about an even and durable line.
For knitwear
When working with such material, it is important to maintain the integrity of its fibers. As a result of this, it is recommended to select needles with a spherical tip that will push apart, rather than puncture, the threads of the fabric. H-S, H-SUK, H-SES - the best options for knitwear. When working with them, it will be possible to form a beautiful line without violating the strength of the fabric. And this will prevent the appearance of unsightly "arrows", diverging on the product from the seam.
For skin
This material must be cut through, because with classical piercing it deforms and breaks through. The result is irregularly shaped holes and frequent needle breakage. Therefore, tools with a cutting edge must be used. When applying H-LR, H-LL, the seam will be obtained with a slight inclination of the stitches to the right or left.
For denim
This material requires thin and strong needles with a slightly rounded point. But even a correctly selected tool at the intersection of jeans seams deviates from the axis, which leads to breakage or skipping stitches. To exclude such troubles, the needle shaft is complemented by a cross section of the groove.
For finishing stitching
This type of work often involves the use of low-strength decorative threads. The special structure of the big eye and a special groove along the rod helps to eliminate their rupture or "razkhohnachivanie".
Double needle
Without it, it is impossible to finish with double stitching. True, it will be possible to use such a tool only on machines with the provided zigzag mode, since 2 rods on one base require a gap in the needle plate. Double needles have taken a worthy place in the arsenal of embroiderers, because when using multi-colored upper threads, they can get an interesting shadow effect.
With wings
It can have one or two blades designed for decorative stitching with holes along the seam. The wings spread the threads, forming holes. Often used as one of the double needle rods.
Self refueling needle
This option is also called "easy to put on." A characteristic feature is a small slot leading to the eye, thanks to which, for threading, it is enough to simply draw it along the shaft in the direction of the tip. Due to its low strength, such a needle is used only when working with light tissue of medium density.
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