The use of household filters for water purification, a necessity due to the quality of water supplied to the apartments by central water supply systems. Private house-building, where autonomous water intake and supply systems are equipped, are also increasingly using devices for additional cleaning.
Filters for water
To filter and remove impurities and soluble compounds, not only distorting the taste of water, but also negatively affecting health, various types of filters are used. All proposed models can be divided into storage and flow.
Important. The selection of a particular model should be based on the analysis of water.
Mechanical filters
Mechanical filters are classified as pre-filters. Serve to remove insoluble impurities (sand, rust fragments). By design, they can have mesh or disk filter elements. Available without rinsing, with manual rinsing and automatic. In the first case, for washing the filter element, it is necessary to disassemble the structure to remove the element.
Manual and automatic backwashing involves the presence of additional technological holes for connection to the water supply and sewage systems. During manual washing, the tap for supplying water to the lower part of the device opens, which flushes out impurities deposited on the filter elements. With automatic flushing, the tap is opened after exceeding the critical pressure in the device, which indicates clogging. The on and off mode is provided by mechanical or electronic control devices.
Flow-type mechanical filters are usually mounted directly in the water supply system. Accumulative designs are intended for installation at the exit (cranes, mixers).
Stationary
Almost any type of water purification device that is mounted in a water supply system can be classified as stationary (main) filters. Most often, this equipment is designed for preliminary (coarse) and medium filtration of soluble compounds (metal compounds, chlorine). As filter elements, mesh or replaceable cartridges (polypropylene fiber) are mainly used, depending on the design. They can be installed on pipes of cold and hot water supply. Depending on the model, there may be one-, two- and three-stage. They differ in the type of connection, flanged - for water pipes with high pressure and coupling.
Jugs
This design, most likely, can be attributed to an autonomous filter system. It is a container into which water is poured, which, passing through the filter component (cartridge), is collected in a separate tank. The amount of purified water is equal to half the useful volume of the filter jug specified by the manufacturer.
Cartridge
Almost all modern models, with the exception of coarse filters (mechanical) can be attributed to the cartridge. Most often, such structures are installed at the outlet and mounted under sinks, sinks. Like main lines, they can have several successive stages of filtration. The use of various materials that make up the filter element allows you to vary the degree of purification.
To clean the smallest particles of mechanical impurities, cardboard, lavsan, and kapron are used. To remove chlorine compounds, activated carbon, shungite, or specially designed sorbents (pinkferox, superferox) are most often used. All modern filters are available with replaceable cartridges. This avoids the installation of additional piping for flushing and avoids the additional cost of buying a new device for water treatment. Cartridge designs provide an average degree of cleaning. Models are available with devices that signal the need to replace a cartridge.
To the crane
Nozzles on the crane, the most simple and affordable design of all existing flow-type cleaning systems. Available in two versions. Removable, designed for installation on a tap to receive purified water and removal if there is no need for thorough filtration (process water). Constants, the design of which provides for switching the flow of water through the filter element and directly. The main advantage is compactness. Disadvantages, low throughput and a fairly low degree of filtering.
Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis technology is the optimal cleaning system in all respects. This technology allows not only to completely filter the incoming water volume from dissolved impurities, but also to get rid of various kinds of compounds of heavy metals and bacteria. It is a multi-stage system, including preliminary, three-stage filtration, a membrane cleaning system, a storage tank and an additional filter at the outlet.
It belongs to the autonomous type of equipment, since the selection is carried out through a separate tap or mixer. They are characterized by high throughput (120-300 liters per day) and a high degree of purification (filtering compounds up to 0.0001 microns in size). The main disadvantage is the relatively high cost.
What kind of pollution do filters help
The characteristics of the degrees of filtration and performance declared by manufacturers are one of the main indicators of this type of equipment. Mechanical cleaning allows you to filter out large insoluble impurities (sand, organic impurities, iron compounds). The average degree of purification (main filters, cartridge filters) ensures the retention of certain types of soluble compounds (iron salts, chlorine). High (fine) cleaning provides not only the filtration of chemical compounds (oil products, pesticides, salts of heavy metals) that can be harmful to health, but also provides additional protection against the ingestion of bacteria present in water.
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