It would seem that it means “correctly” to heat the boiler with firewood? What's so complicated, throw firewood in your furnace until the coals have cooled, and the whole process. It turns out that is not so simple. How efficiently the boiler works does not primarily depend on its design. First of all, the result of his work, as well as efficiency, depends on the quality of the fuel used. Not only the wood species is important, but also whether it is dry or raw, the condition of the dampers and throttles. The nuances of the operation of solid fuel boilers will be discussed in the framework of the article.
How does a solid fuel wood boiler
The boiler works as follows:
- As a result of the combustion of wood in the furnace, a certain amount of heat is generated, different for different species.
- The heat goes to heat the water tank located above the firebox.
- Water circulates through the pipeline from the tank to the radiators and back in a closed circuit. The circulation can be either natural (with the pipes at a slight slope), or forced, by means of a circulation pump.
- Combustion products are diverted by a chimney to the street. In order for the draft to be normal, the vertical part of the chimney is made three or more than three meters high.
- The combustion rate is regulated by the flaps of the furnace and the chimney.
Important!
The heating unit is equipped with a safety system for emergency pressure relief during overheating. If this is not done, the boiler becomes dangerous in operation.
How to heat a solid fuel boiler with firewood
Before starting to drown, it is necessary to correctly kindle, if ignored, smoke can begin to seep into the home. For different stages of the process, different types of wood are better suited, the size of the firewood in this case also matters.
What kind of firewood to choose
It is recommended to heat well-dried wood, and its grades should be stopped separately.
- Birch - gives a lot of heat, burns for a long time, but in the process of combustion from it there remains a large amount of tar on the walls of the chimney.
- Alder - gives one and a half times less heat than a birch, but practically does not leave soot. Well suited for kindling, as it is highly flammable.
- Aspen also does not produce soot, and emits little heat, it is also advisable to use it as a kindling.
- The pine tree burns hot, but contains a lot of resin and gives a large amount of soot. Spruce wood burns hotter than pine, while emitting less soot.
- Poplar, generating a lot of heat, burns out very quickly.
- Apple and pear give a lot of heat, good coals, but knotty and poorly pricked.
- Oak, ash and beech are dense and solid, pricking heavily. During combustion, a lot of heat is generated, soot gives a little. On sale are infrequent.
Taking into account the above properties, firewood is selected both for kindling, and for the boiler furnace itself.
The correct sequence of actions
Start the process with cleaning the ash pan and subsequent kindling. In time, this stage can take about an hour. The meaning of kindling is to heat the furnace and chimney to create sufficient traction. The complexity and duration of the process is due to the shape of the chimney and the presence of horizontal sections in it.
Crumpled paper, bark, small chips are used as kindling. Then add thin logs. After their ignition, firewood is gradually added to half the load of the furnace. The damper of the blower and chimney in the process of kindling open wide to ensure a good air flow. It is also recommended that you open the windows in the room to increase the flow of fresh air. After the flame is well ignited, the shutters cover half.
After sufficient warming up, they begin to carry out full bookmarks, while the rate of burnout is due to the type of wood and the position of the shutters.
On a note!
To automate the adjustment process, thermostatic draft regulators and fans with controllers equipped with a temperature sensor are used. These devices can significantly simplify temperature control and increase boiler efficiency.
Features of working with a wood-fired boiler
Unlike devices that run on liquid fuel or gas, wood-fired boilers do not evenly transfer heat to the room, this is due to the peculiarity of the combustion process. In the middle of the process, much more heat is generated than at the beginning and at the end. More or less equalize the amount of heat produced by the damper on the blower and in the chimney.
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